新疆艾比湖绿洲土地退化遥感动态监测

层次分析法是一种将决策者对复杂系统的决策思维过程模型化、数量化的过程.采用层次分析法,对影响和指示土地退化的生物量、归一化植被指数、土壤水分指数和土壤盐碱化4个影响因子进行分析.通过计算每个影响因子的权重,基于ASTER,SPOT,TM,MODIS产品以及野外调查数据等多源数据,对新疆艾比湖地区2000年8月至2004年8月的土地退化状况进行了评价,并且分析了层次分析法应用于土地退化研究的适用性及其优缺点.研究表明:艾比湖地区耕地退化现象普遍,占耕地总面积的55.78%,分布广,程度重.     

尖叶胡枝子地下生物量累积变化

通过对栽培条件下尖叶胡枝子地下不同直径根系组分和生物量的测定及模拟分析,结果表明:尖叶胡枝子的根系垂直空间分布为典型的表层聚积型,根系主要集中在0～20 cm,根系垂直分布特征参数β的值较小;生长1 080 d(生长3年)的尖叶胡枝子根系入土深度可达100 cm,其中在0～40 cm的土层中,以粗根为主,占总根量的81.54%,40 cm之下以细根为主;根系密度随着尖叶胡枝子生长期的延长呈明显增大的趋势.     

放牧强度、植被结构与草地生态环境的关系

本文综述了放牧对草地植物组成及植物生物量的影响、不同放牧方式和强度对家畜和草地的影响、高寒草甸地区人工草地建植和利用的研究进展。为了保护草地植物多样性及获得较高草地生产量,应使草地承受适当的放牧压力。     

高寒珠芽蓼草甸植被生物量的季节动态特征

调查了甘肃省天祝县珠芽蓼高寒草甸,结果表明,调查草甸的主要植物有26种,隶属13科23属。其中珠芽蓼(0.148)为优势种,次优势种有乳白香青、球花蒿、线叶嵩草等。通过对珠芽蓼草甸群落组成和结构的季节动态的研究分析发现,地上植物量在整个生长季中表现为单峰曲线,地下植物量变化呈现“V”型曲线,环境因子是制约珠芽蓼草甸植物生长发育和植物量的主导因子。     

不同装液量对金顶侧耳液体摇瓶培养的影响

以食用菌金顶侧耳为试验研究对象;用综合PDA(马铃薯20 g,葡萄糖20 g,硫酸镁1.5g,磷酸二氢钾3.0g,水1 000 mL,pH自然)为液体培养基;以(25±1)℃,180 r/min为气浴恒温振荡器的温度和振荡速率.设定了60、80、100、120、140 mL 5个不同的装液量.经过7 d的摇瓶培养,过滤发酵液,得到菌丝体和粗酶液.再通过测定菌丝体烘干后的生物量,以及测定粗酶液中多酚氧化酶和漆酶活性,得出了:装液量为100 mL,菌丝体烘干生物量明显大于其他装液量;装液量为140 mL,有利于多酚氧化酶的分泌,酶的活力较强,并且其活力随装液量的递增而变强.装液量为100mL,有利于漆酶的分泌,酶的活力较强,不同装液量的菌丝生长都在第6天出现了高峰期,其中以装液量为100mL/250mL时,其菌丝球数量较多.     

Improvements in somatic embryogenesis protocol in Feijoa (Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret): Induction,conversion and synthetic seeds

Pineapple guava (Acca sellowiana) syn. Feijoa sellowiana, a Brazilian indigenous Myrtaceae is under domestication in South Brazil. Previous works showed that this species is responsive to somatic embryogenesis and recalcitrant to conventional methods of clonal propagation. In the present work it was evaluated the role of components of culture medium in the induction and development of somatic embryos. The technology of synthetic seeds was also evaluated. Zygotic embryos were inoculated in LPm medium supplemented with 8 mM glutamic acid and 8 mM l-glutamine, 2,4-dichlophenoxiacetic acid (20 μM) and myo-inositol. For conversion of somatic embryos and synthetic seeds it was tested the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine and gibberellic acid combined or not with activated charcoal. The highest values for embryogenetic induction (100%) and number of somatic embryos/explant (113) were observed in the LPm medium supplemented with Glu (8 mM), and 2,4-D. The culture medium supplemented with BA (0.5 μM) and GA₃ (1 μM) and activated charcoal (1.5 g L⁻¹) enhanced the conversion of somatic embryos to plantlets. Pre-germinated somatic embryos encapsulated in sodium alginate with BA (0.5 μM) and GA₃ (1 μM) developed radicles. The use of synthetic seed was a requisite for the survival of plantlets.     

应用MODIS数据估算草地生物量

利用新一代EOS/MODIS卫星遥感数据,针对MODIS的应用特点,借鉴国内外基于遥感手段监测植被的方法以及植被指数的研究进展.以天山北坡乌鲁木齐南郊的草地为研究区,通过野外实地采样得到与MODIS影像资料时相一致的草地地上生物量数据.并利用ENVI软件,提取典型区各样点的植被指数,分析遥感植被指数与植被生物量的相关关系,从而建立植被指数在不同季节草甸和草原的生物量估测模型.     

天山南坡高寒草地物种多样性及地上生物量研究

在新疆天山巴音布鲁克草原对高寒草甸、高寒草原和高寒草甸化草原的物种多样性进行了研究,结果表明:盖度+高度指标测度群落物种多样性指数要优于盖度和株数指标,更适于测度高寒草地的物种多样性指数。丰富度指数、Margalef指数与Shannon-wiener指数相关性显著,在小的空间研究尺度内,草地植物群落物种多样性指数受丰富度指数的影响较大。地上生物量与丰富度指数、Margalef指数和Shannon-wiener指数呈负相关关系。     

杂交狼尾草作为能源植物的研究进展

杂交狼尾草(Pennisetum americahum×P.Purpureum)系美洲狼尾草(P.americahum)与象草(P.Purpureum)的种间杂交种,是多年生高大C4草本植物,已作为造纸、饲料原料等被广泛应用,是中国有前景的非粮能源植物之一。笔者以非粮生物质原料生产和生物质转化利用为中心,针对杂交狼尾草的生物学特征、遗传特性与良种选育、产量、品质特征和生物质转化利用、生态适应能力和生态效益、栽培及管理技术等方面的研究进展和存在的问题进行了详细阐述,并展望杂交狼尾草作为能源植物的研发前景。认为虽然杂交狼尾草存在对土壤条件要求高、在北方地区不能越冬等缺点,但较其他能源植物具有显著的产量优势,在条件较好的边际土地和污染农田上具有广阔的利用前景。     

Soil saturation effects on forest dynamics: scaling across a southern boreal/northern hardwood landscape

Patch modeling can be used to scale-up processes to portray landscape-level dynamics. Via direct extrapolation, a heterogeneous landscape is divided into its constituent patches; dynamics are simulated on each representative patch and are weighted and aggregated to formulate the higher level response. Further extrapolation may be attained by coarsening the resolution of or lumping environmental data (e.g., climatic, edaphic, hydrologic, topographic) used to delimit a patch.Forest patterns at the southern boreal/northern hardwood transition zone are often defined by soil heterogeneity, determined primarily by the extent and duration of soil saturation. To determine how landscape-level dynamics predicted from direct extrapolation compare when coarsening soil parameters, we simulated forest dynamics for soil series representing a range of drainage classes from east- central Maine. Responses were aggregated according to the distribution of soil associations comprising a 600 ha area based on local- (1:12,000), county- (1:120,000) and state- (1:250,000) scale soil maps. At the patch level, simulated aboveground biomass accumulated more slowly in poorer draining soils. Different soil series yielded different communities comprised of species with various tolerances for soil saturation. When aggregated, removal of waterlogging caused a 20–60% increase in biomass accumulation during the first 50 years of simulation. However, this early successional increase and the maximum level of biomass accumulation over a 200 year period varied by as much as 40% depending on the geospatial data. This marked discrepancy suggests caution when extrapolating with forest patch models by coarsening parameters and demonstrates how rules used to rescale environmental data need to be evaluated for consistency.